Farms, businesses and Inheritance Tax: what do the changes mean for you?

Changes to limit the protection from Inheritance Tax (IHT) when passing on farms and qualifying businesses means there now may be more to consider when making succession plans.

Agricultural Property Relief (APR) and Business Property Relief (BPR) were introduced to help protect qualifying farms and businesses, so that in the event of the farmer or business owner's death, their successors were not forced to sell assets or borrow money to pay the bill, as this would invariably impact their productivity or ongoing viability. 

What’s changed?

The combined value of APR and BPR at 100% (meaning that no IHT is payable) is limited to £2.5m per person.

APR and BPR is limited to 50% on qualifying assets above £2.5m, meaning that half the value will be free of IHT while the balance will be included in the IHT calculation.

The £2.5m APR / BPR allowance is transferable between spouses and civil partners, even if the first spouse died before April 2026 when the new rules came into effect.

It is not a requirement for the first spouse to have owned the farm or other agricultural or business assets. Their £2.5m allowance can be transferred to their spouse on death if unused,
leaving the surviving spouse with a £5m allowance to use against any qualifying agricultural or business assets in their estate.   

What about gifting?

If the person making the gift survives seven years, it will normally be free of IHT. However, if that person continues to benefit from the assets gifted, the value will be included in their IHT calculation, even if they survive for more than seven years. 

We may see an increase in farmers and business owners bringing forward their succession plans because of these changes. However, it’s important to take professional advice before making any irreversible gifting decisions. 

Can my pension help me plan? 

One of the benefits of having a pension is that from age 55 (57 from 2028) it can provide you with an independent source of income which gives more choice when it comes to succession planning. There are a range of options available when it comes to taking money from your pensions. An NFU Mutual Financial Adviser can give you advice on the right options for you.

What about insurance?  

If you have existing life insurance policies, it’s important to make sure they are held in trust. If not, the proceeds will be included in your estate and may be subject to IHT. Most insurance companies can provide the necessary documentation to put your policies into trust.  

One way to provide a guaranteed lump sum on your death to help your family pay any potential IHT bill is through a Whole of Life Insurance policy. This will pay out when you die regardless of age.  

If you plan to gift assets, you can help meet any potential bill with a ‘Term Insurance’ policy that covers the potential liability should you die within seven years. Your NFU Mutual Financial Adviser can talk you through how each of the options work and make recommendations based on your circumstances.

We can help

If you want to know more about the changes and how they might impact you and your family, please contact us by calling: 0800 622 323